Schwann cells are a type of glial cell that provide support and insulation for neurons in the peripheral nervous system. They form the myelin sheath around axons, which helps to increase the speed of nerve impulses. Schwann cells also play a role in nerve regeneration after injury by providing a pathway for regrowing axons. Research in this area focuses on understanding the mechanisms of myelination, nerve regeneration, and potential therapies for neurological disorders involving Schwann cells.